Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 8, 2025
Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
Published on: December 17, 2017
RESPIRATORY MICROBIOME AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH INFLAMMATORY MARKERS
Olesya M Horlenko1, Iryna Yu Pikina1, Lyubomyra B Prylypko1
1UZHHOROD NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, UZHHOROD, UKRAINE.
Insights
This study found Gram-negative bacteria dominate the nasopharyngeal microbiome in children with acute respiratory infections (ARI). This bacterial shift correlates with increased inflammatory markers and lactoperoxidase enzyme activity.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are common in children.
- The nasopharyngeal microbiome plays a role in respiratory health and disease.
- Understanding the relationship between nasopharyngeal microflora and inflammation in ARI is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the nasopharyngeal microbiome composition in children with ARI.
- To analyze the correlation between nasopharyngeal microflora and inflammatory markers in ARI patients.
- To compare the nasopharyngeal microbiome and inflammatory profiles of ARI patients with a healthy control group.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 112 children with ARI and 25 healthy children.
- Analysis of nasopharyngeal microflora composition, identifying bacterial strains.
- Biochemical examination of biomaterial for enzyme and alcohol presence.
- Measurement of inflammatory markers including immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgE), cytokines (IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, γ-IFN, TNF-α), Neopterin, and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
Main Results:
- Gram-negative bacteria predominated (71.0%) in the nasopharyngeal microflora of ARI patients, with Escherichia coli being prevalent (37.0%).
- Elevated levels of inflammatory markers were observed, including a 2.2-fold increase in IgM, a 10-fold increase in IgG, and higher levels of IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, γ-IFN, TNF-α, and Neopterin.
- The lactoperoxidase enzyme was predominantly detected in ARI patients, and TSH levels showed significant differences compared to the control group.
Conclusions:
- A shift towards Gram-negative bacteria in the nasopharyngeal microbiome is associated with ARI in children.
- Elevated inflammatory markers and lactoperoxidase enzyme predominance are characteristic of the nasopharyngeal environment in children with ARI.
- These findings highlight the complex interplay between the nasopharyngeal microbiome, inflammation, and acute respiratory infections.
Objective:
The aim: This study aims to investigate and analyze the microbiome of the nasopharyngeal zone in acute respiratory infections (ARI) and their relationship with inflammatory markers.
Patients And Methods:
Materials and methods: Examination of 112 children (10-14 years old) with acute respiratory infections (ARI) of the upper respiratory tract was carried out. The control group consisted of 25 healthy children identical in age and examination parameters.
Results:
Results: When analyzing the microflora of the nasopharynx of patients, 29,0% of strains were gram-positive bacteria and 71,0% were gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli representing 37,0%). Biochemical examination of the biomaterial revealed the presence of sucrase (n=69), maltase (n=87), lactorepoxidase (n-89) and alcohols - sorbitol (hexahydric alcohol, n=102), mannitol (hexahydric alcohol, n=84), xylitol (pentahydric alcohol, n=86). Regarding the markers of inflammatory response, the following dynamics was noted: increase in the level of IgM (3,91 ± 1,79 g/l, p<0,01) by 2,2 times, elevation of Ig G level by 10 times (145, 91 ± 53,04 g/l, p< 0,01), slightly higher than the reference values IgE level. In addition, increased IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, γ-IFN, TNF-α, Neopterin levels were detected. The level of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly different compared to the control group (0,62 ± 0,57 vs. 1,98 ± 0,30 mIU/ ml, p< 0,01), but within the reference values.
Conclusion:
Conclusions: Predominance of Gram-negative bacteria in the nasopharyngeal microflora of patients along with elevated inflammatory markers and lactop-eroxydase enzyme predominance was detected in the study.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
Chronic Inflammation
01:19Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
01:17Other Pulmonary Disorders
01:29Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
01:31Common Respiratory Disorders
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...