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GPATCH4 contributes to nucleolus morphology and its dysfunction impairs cell viability.

Kazuki Kodera1, Ryuichi Hishida2, Akiko Sakai2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan; Department of Paediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.

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G-patch domain containing 4 (GPATCH4) is a nucleolar protein crucial for cell viability. Its dysfunction impairs cell proliferation, alters nucleolar structure, and affects cellular senescence and apoptosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The nucleolus is vital for rRNA transcription, ribosome synthesis, cell cycle regulation, and senescence.
  • G-patch domain containing 4 (GPATCH4) is a nucleolar protein with unclear functional significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the functions of GPATCH4 by examining the effects of its dysfunction on cellular proliferation, nucleolar architecture, apoptosis, and senescence.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted on cultured neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
  • GPATCH4 reduction/knockdown was induced.
  • Cellular proliferation, apoptosis, nucleolar morphology, senescence markers (SA-β-GAL, p16), and ribosomal gene expression were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • GPATCH4 reduction inhibited cellular proliferation and increased apoptosis susceptibility.
  • Nucleolar morphology changed, with fewer but larger nucleoli.
  • GPATCH4 knockdown decreased cell viability and increased senescence markers upon low-dose etoposide treatment.
  • GPATCH4 dysfunction altered ribosomal system gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • GPATCH4 is a pivotal nucleolar protein regulating nucleolar morphology.
  • GPATCH4 is correlated with cell viability, proliferation, and senescence.