Neoadjuvant pyrotinib plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy for HER2-positive breast cancer: a prospective cohort study

This prospective study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of pyrotinib (P) combined with 4 cycles of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by 4 cycles of taxane and trastuzumab (P + EC-TH) regimen as neoadjuvant therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer and to investigate the predictive value of p53, p63, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status for neoadjuvant efficacy.

A total of 138 HER2-positive breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant therapy and underwent surgery were included. Case group: 55 patients received P + EC-TH regimen.

83 patients received EC-TH regimen. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis were applied. The primary endpoint was total pathologic complete response (tpCR), and the secondary endpoints were breast pathologic complete response (bpCR), overall response rate (ORR), and adverse events (AEs).

In the case group, the tpCR rate was 63.64% (35/55), the bpCR rate was 69.09% (38/55), and the ORR was 100.00% (55/55). In the control group, the tpCR rate was 39.76% (33/83), the bpCR rate was 44.58% (37/83), and the ORR was 95.18% (79/83). The case group had significantly higher tpCR and bpCR rates than those of the control group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in ORR (P > 0.05). The tpCR was associated with the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor (AR), and the patients with any negative ER, PR, AR, or combined, were more likely to achieve tpCR than those with positive results (P < 0.05). The p53-positive patients were more likely to achieve tpCR and bpCR than p53-negative patients (P < 0.05). The incidence of hypokalemia and diarrhea in the case group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The AEs developed were all manageable, and no treatment-related death occurred.

The efficacy and safety of the P + EC-TH regimen were verified by this study. The HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with the EC-TH neoadjuvant regimen were more likely to achieve tpCR or bpCR if pyrotinib was administered simultaneously.