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Dialysis

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...

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Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Hippocampal Insulin Microinjection and In vivo Microdialysis During Spatial Memory Testing

Hippocampal Insulin Microinjection and In vivo Microdialysis During Spatial Memory Testing

Published on: January 11, 2013

Methodological and analytical considerations for intra-operative microdialysis.

Cecile Riviere-Cazaux¹, Karishma Rajani¹, Masum Rahman¹

¹Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

|December 20, 2023

Summary

Intra-operative microdialysis using high molecular weight catheters successfully sampled the brain tumor microenvironment in glioma patients. This technique can detect both metabolites and drugs in real-time during surgery.

Keywords:

Glioma IDH Mass spectrometry Metabolomics Microdialysis Pharmacokinetic

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Hippocampal Insulin Microinjection and In vivo Microdialysis During Spatial Memory Testing

Hippocampal Insulin Microinjection and In vivo Microdialysis During Spatial Memory Testing

Published on: January 11, 2013

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

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Published on: November 8, 2018

Custom-made Microdialysis Probe Design

Custom-made Microdialysis Probe Design

Published on: July 21, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Oncology
Biochemistry

Background:

Microdialysis is a technique to sample interstitial fluid in the central nervous system (CNS).
Gliomas, primary malignant brain tumors, are rarely analyzed via microdialysis due to accessibility during surgery.
High molecular weight (HMW) catheters and optimized flow rates enable intra-operative microdialysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the feasibility and challenges of intra-operative HMW microdialysis in glioma patients.
To evaluate methodological and analytical considerations for real-time CNS sampling during surgery.
To explore the potential for intra-operative pharmacodynamic studies.

Main Methods:

Intra-operative HMW microdialysis performed during 15 glioma resections in 14 patients.
Sampling across three distinct radiographic regions per patient.
Analysis of microdialysates using targeted and untargeted metabolomics via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

Main Results:

Perfusate composition (albumin, lactate) affected metabolomic analysis.
Focal lactate delivery induced local metabolic changes, indicating potential for reverse microdialysis.
Multiple peri-operative drugs (e.g., levetiracetam, acetaminophen) were detected within 10-minute sampling intervals.

Conclusions:

Intra-operative HMW microdialysis is feasible for sampling the live human CNS microenvironment during surgery.
The technique can simultaneously detect metabolites and drugs.
Perfusate selection is a critical variable requiring careful consideration during analysis.