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Related Concept Videos

Measurements of Strain01:27

Measurements of Strain

957
Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
957
True Stress and True Strain01:28

True Stress and True Strain

317
Engineering stress is calculated as the load divided by the original, undeformed cross-sectional area. It approximates a material under load. This approximation is especially relevant post-yield in ductile materials. Though engineering stress-strain diagrams are often used for their convenience and accessibility, they can sometimes fall short in accuracy, particularly when dealing with large strain values.
In contrast, true stress offers a more precise portrayal. It is computed by dividing the...
317
Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between...
287
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

270
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
270
Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

728
The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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Stress-Strain Diagram01:10

Stress-Strain Diagram

662
A stress-strain diagram is a crucial tool that graphically displays a material's mechanical characteristics. This diagram is derived from a tensile test performed on a carefully prepared cylindrical specimen. The specimen has two gauge marks inscribed on its central part, and the distance between these marks is known as the gauge length. The cylindrical specimen is placed in a testing machine, which applies an increasing centric load. As this load grows, so does the gauge length. This...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Production of a Strain-Measuring Device with an Improved 3D Printer
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Four ways of implementing robustness quantification in strain characterisation.

Luca Torello Pianale1, Fabio Caputo1, Lisbeth Olsson2

  • 1Industrial Biotechnology Division, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts
|December 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Robustness quantification in industrial bioprocesses was implemented using four methods to assess yeast strains. Ethanol Red demonstrated superior robustness across various lignocellulosic hydrolysates, highlighting its industrial potential.

Keywords:
BioprocessBiosensorsIntracellular environmentPhysiologySaccharomyces cerevisiaeYeast

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Industrial bioprocesses often prioritize performance over robustness, defined as stable performance maintenance.
  • Quantifying and implementing robustness in routine experimental procedures presents significant challenges.
  • This study introduces four methods for integrating robustness quantification into strain characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement methods for quantifying microbial robustness in industrial bioprocesses.
  • To assess the robustness of different yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory strain CEN.PK113-7D, Ethanol Red, PE2) using lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
  • To evaluate both growth-related functions and intracellular parameters for a comprehensive robustness assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized flask and high-throughput experimental setups for robustness quantification.
  • Assessed stability of growth functions across seven different lignocellulosic hydrolysates and among different yeast strains.
  • Measured stability of eight intracellular parameters over time and within cell populations using fluorescent biosensors.

Main Results:

  • Ethanol Red exhibited the highest growth function robustness across all tested conditions.
  • PE2 displayed the greatest population heterogeneity, indicating significant intracellular variation.
  • Lignocellulosic hydrolysate type influenced the intracellular environment, inducing oxidative stress or unfolded protein response.

Conclusions:

  • Robustness quantification provides valuable insights into physiological and biochemical parameters for strain characterization.
  • The developed methods are versatile, validated at both single-cell and high-throughput levels.
  • This approach offers significant potential for various applications in microbial strain development and bioprocess optimization.