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Immunotherapy: Constructive Approach for Breast Cancer Treatment

Umer Anayyat1, Faiza Ahad1, Tobias Achu Muluh1

  • 1Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China.

Breast Cancer (Dove Medical Press)
|December 20, 2023
PubMed

Insights

This review explores immunotherapies for breast cancer, including immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) and cancer vaccines. It highlights challenges like tumor resistance and discusses strategies to overcome them, focusing on cancer stem cells.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have transformed breast cancer therapy, particularly for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
  • Tumor relapse and drug resistance remain significant challenges despite positive initial findings with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in tumor initiation and growth, presenting a target for overcoming resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current immunotherapeutic options for breast cancer.
  • To explore molecular mechanisms of resistance to ICBs and advanced strategies to overcome them.
  • To examine cancer stem cell antigens, markers, and the role of cancer vaccines in breast cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing immunotherapies, ICBs, and CSCs in breast cancer.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to ICBs.
  • Synthesis of information on cancer stem cell antigens, markers, and vaccine development.

Main Results:

  • ICBs show promise but limited efficacy in a subset of TNBC patients due to resistance.
  • Understanding CSCs and their antigens offers potential strategies to enhance immunotherapy effectiveness.
  • Various cancer vaccines are being developed targeting tumor antigens to induce active immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming ICB resistance is critical for improving breast cancer treatment outcomes.
  • Targeting CSCs and developing effective cancer vaccines are promising avenues for future breast cancer immunotherapies.
  • Further research into resistance mechanisms and clinical trials are essential for advancing breast cancer immunotherapy.
Keywords:
breast cancercancer stem cellcancer therapyimmunotherapy

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