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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Detection of MicroRNA Expression in the Kidneys of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathic Mice

Detection of MicroRNA Expression in the Kidneys of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathic Mice

Published on: July 8, 2020

MicroRNA-126 in dogs with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis.

Ariana D Cherry¹, Candice P Chu¹, Rachel E Cianciolo²

¹Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

|December 20, 2023

Summary

Urinary miR-126 can help identify dogs with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis, while miR-21 and miR-182 may indicate disease severity in dogs with chronic kidney disease.

Keywords:

chronic kidney disease miR-126 miR-182 miR-21 urine

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2025

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Published on: August 23, 2024

Area of Science:

Veterinary medicine
Biomarker discovery
Molecular diagnostics

Background:

Proteinuric dogs with chronic kidney disease often have amyloidosis, glomerulosclerosis, or immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis.
A noninvasive, disease-specific biomarker is needed for accurate diagnosis and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns in biofluids and the progression/categorization of canine glomerular disease.
To identify potential noninvasive biomarkers for differentiating glomerular diseases in dogs.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of archived serum and urine samples from dogs with biopsy-confirmed glomerular disease and healthy controls.
Isolation and RNA sequencing of serum and urinary miRNAs.
Quantification of specific urinary miRNAs (miR-126, miR-21, miR-182, miR-486) using quantitative reverse transcription PCR.

Main Results:

Urinary miR-21 and miR-182 were significantly higher in azotemic dogs and correlated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
Urinary miR-126 expression was markedly elevated in dogs with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis compared to glomerulosclerosis, amyloidosis, and healthy controls.
No significant differences in serum miRNA expression were observed between disease stages.

Conclusions:

Urinary miR-126 shows potential as a biomarker to identify dogs with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis who may benefit from immunosuppressive therapy.
Urinary miR-21 and miR-182 may serve as indicators of disease severity and renal fibrosis in dogs.
These findings highlight the potential of urinary miRNAs as noninvasive diagnostic tools in veterinary nephrology.