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Detection of Toxin Translocation into the Host Cytosol by Surface Plasmon Resonance

Detection of Toxin Translocation into the Host Cytosol by Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: January 3, 2012

Toxinome-the bacterial protein toxin database.

Aleks Danov¹, Ofir Segev¹, Avi Bograd¹

¹Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Science, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.

|December 20, 2023

Summary

Researchers created the Toxinome database, cataloging nearly two million microbial toxins and antitoxins. This resource reveals toxin distribution patterns and identifies "Toxin Islands" within bacterial genomes.

Keywords:

bacterial toxins database effectors microbial toxins protein toxins toxin-antitoxin toxins

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Genomics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Microbes utilize protein toxins for cellular defense and inter-cellular attacks.
Toxins can inhibit growth or cause cell death in microbial and eukaryotic cells.
Antitoxins are employed by microbes to counteract toxin activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a comprehensive database of microbial toxins and antitoxins.
To analyze the distribution and genomic organization of these toxins.
To identify novel toxin-related genomic structures.

Main Methods:

Compiled a database (Toxinome) from 59,475 bacterial genomes.
Analyzed the prevalence of toxins across different bacterial habitats.
Identified and characterized clustered toxin-antitoxin regions, termed 'Toxin Islands'.

Main Results:

The Toxinome database contains nearly two million toxins and antitoxins.
Bacterial toxins are less common in organisms inhabiting extreme hot and cold environments.
Discovered 5,161 distinct genomic regions with dense toxin-antitoxin clustering ('Toxin Islands'.)

Conclusions:

The Toxinome database provides a valuable resource for studying toxin biology and evolution.
Toxin distribution is influenced by environmental factors like temperature.
The identification of Toxin Islands offers new avenues for discovering novel microbial toxins.