Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Solubility03:00

Solubility

17.5K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
17.5K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

14.7K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
14.7K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

58.4K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
58.4K
Ligand Binding Sites02:40

Ligand Binding Sites

12.9K
Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...
12.9K
Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

33.7K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
33.7K
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

51.1K
Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
51.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Charge Dependence of Local Hydration Dynamics in Poly(Acrylic Acid) Solutions.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Context-Aware Hydrophobicity Modeling: HydroMap and FastHydroMap.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

amyloid-predict and LLPS-predict: Predicting phase separation propensities in the intrinsically disordered proteome.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

BAG2 Condensates Couple Proteostasis to CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cell Surveillance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Evolution of the Tri-PDZ Domain in PSD95 (DLG-4 Gene).

Molecular biology and evolution·2025
Same author

A systematic methodology to develop bottom-up coarse-grained models for sequence-specific polypeptoids.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes
13:57

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes

Published on: December 24, 2014

14.1K

Relationships between Water's Structure and Solute Affinity at Polypeptoid Brush Surfaces.

Sally Jiao1, Dennis C Robinson Brown1, M Scott Shell1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|December 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Zwitterionic surfaces prevent fouling by creating a structured hydration layer that repels solutes. This molecular understanding guides the design of advanced antifouling materials and strategies.

More Related Videos

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid
05:08

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

16.8K
Study of Short Peptide Adsorption on Solution Dispersed Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Depletion Method
09:43

Study of Short Peptide Adsorption on Solution Dispersed Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Depletion Method

Published on: April 11, 2020

6.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes
13:57

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes

Published on: December 24, 2014

14.1K
Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid
05:08

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

16.8K
Study of Short Peptide Adsorption on Solution Dispersed Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Depletion Method
09:43

Study of Short Peptide Adsorption on Solution Dispersed Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Depletion Method

Published on: April 11, 2020

6.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Antifouling surfaces are crucial for preventing unwanted material adhesion.
  • Zwitterionic functionalities are promising for creating highly effective antifouling surfaces.
  • A fundamental understanding of hydration layer structure and its role in antifouling is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms linking surface chemistry, hydration water structure, and solute affinity.
  • To explore how zwitterionic surface chemistries achieve antifouling properties.
  • To establish a relationship between hydration water structure and antifouling performance.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study various polypeptoid-decorated surfaces.
  • Free energy calculations were used to determine solute-surface affinities.
  • Analysis of hydration water structure in response to different surface chemistries was performed.

Main Results:

  • Zwitterionic surfaces exhibit solute-surface repulsion due to highly coordinated hydration water.
  • Tetrahedral structuring of water around solutes is suppressed by zwitterionic surfaces.
  • Uncharged surfaces, in contrast, show affinity for solutes, indicating a different hydration mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • A molecular mechanism for zwitterionic antifouling is proposed, based on hydration water structuring.
  • The findings provide insights into tuning surface chemistry for enhanced antifouling.
  • This research has broader implications for the design of next-generation antifouling surfaces.