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Distinctive plastome evolution in carnivorous angiosperms.

Chao-Nan Fu1,2,3, Susann Wicke4,5, An-Dan Zhu2

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.

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|December 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carnivorous plants show diverse plastid genome (plastome) evolution, with gene losses and accelerated substitution rates in some lineages. These changes reflect adaptations to unique carnivorous lifestyles.

Keywords:
CarnivoryPlastomePrey-derived nutrient utilizationSubstitution rates

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Area of Science:

  • Plant evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Carnivory in angiosperms is a striking example of convergent evolution across diverse lineages.
  • Previous research suggests carnivorous plants have unique plastid genome (plastome) evolutionary paths compared to non-carnivorous relatives, but details are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate carnivory-associated evolutionary patterns in plant plastomes.
  • To compare plastomes from multiple carnivorous plant families and their non-carnivorous relatives.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of plastome sequences from 9 out of 13 carnivorous plant families and their relatives.
  • Identification of genomic rearrangements, gene losses, and substitution rate variations.

Main Results:

  • Inversions were found in Droseraceae and some species of Utricularia, Pinguicula, Darlingtonia, and Triphyophyllum.
  • Independent gene losses (e.g., ndh genes) and shifts in repeat content were observed in several carnivorous lineages.
  • Significant substitution rate acceleration was detected in Droseraceae and Lentibulariaceae, with moderate acceleration in other species.

Conclusions:

  • Plant carnivory drives divergent plastome evolution, ranging from conserved to highly reconfigured structures.
  • The complex nutritional strategies in carnivorous plants likely shape their unique plastome evolutionary trajectories.
  • Prey-derived nutrients and their utilization efficiency may explain observed plastome modifications.