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Related Concept Videos

Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Destabilization of Microtubules01:45

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The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
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Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

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Pathogens stabilize or destabilize depending on host stage structure.

Jessica L Hite1, André M de Roos2

  • 1University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering : MBE
|December 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pathogens can destabilize host populations, but their impact depends on host traits and environment. This study reveals complex dynamics, showing how host structure influences disease outbreaks and population stability.

Keywords:
bistabilityeco-epidemiological feedbackshydra effectovercompensationstage-structurevirulence

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Epidemiology
  • Theoretical Biology

Background:

  • Pathogens are often assumed to destabilize host populations, impacting conservation and management strategies.
  • Population stability is influenced by environmental factors and host-pathogen traits, especially in size- and stage-structured populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how pathogens affect host population stability within size- and stage-structured consumer-resource models.
  • To explore the context-dependent interplay between host population structure, resource competition, and infectious disease dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a size- and stage-structured consumer-resource model with a standard epidemiological model for directly transmitted pathogens.
  • Mathematical modeling to analyze population dynamics under varying ecological and epidemiological parameters.

Main Results:

  • The model demonstrated complex dynamics, including sustained oscillations, multiple stable states, biomass overcompensation, and the 'hydra effect'.
  • Host population structure and density were found to significantly influence the likelihood and severity of disease outbreaks.
  • Bidirectional feedbacks between host population structure and disease dynamics were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Pathogen effects on host population stability are context-dependent and modulated by population structure.
  • Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for effective ecosystem management and disease control strategies.
  • Accounting for cross-scale feedbacks between host populations and pathogens offers key insights into ecological structuring and intervention impacts.