Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 10, 2026

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
Published on: February 17, 2018
The origins of modern orthopaedics
Abstract:
The modern cult of "selfwareness", today so fashionable among young people, calls on past experiences to interpret modern attitudes and reactions; and gives a new credibility to the old Latin dictum "Historia, magistra vitae". It involves all aspects of human enterprise, not least the professional aspect, which undoubtedly gains by taking account of the contributions of previous generations. Orthopaedic surgery is no exception, and those of us who would aspire to a fuller understanding of our specialty will find benefit in retracting its history over at least the last 250 years. In taking such a backward glance, the writer tried to seek out those events and those men whose contributions have stood the test of time and earned them the recognition and prestige in which they are still held today.
Related Concept Videos
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Fractures: Bone Repair
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Sutures of the Skull
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

