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Trigeminal function in patients with COVID-associated olfactory loss.

J H Juratli1, K Garefis2, I Konstantinidis2

  • 1Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. JerryHadi.Juratli@ukdd.de.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|December 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Trigeminal nerve dysfunction may contribute to post-COVID olfactory dysfunction (OD), but it does not appear to cause parosmia. This study investigated trigeminal function in COVID-19 survivors with and without OD.

Keywords:
Odor lateralizationParosmiaPost-viral olfactory dysfunctionTrigeminal function

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction (OD), including hyposmia and parosmia, is a common sequela of viral infections like COVID-19.
  • While olfactory nerve interactions are studied, the role of the intranasal trigeminal nerve system in post-viral OD remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate intranasal trigeminal nerve function in COVID-19 survivors with and without olfactory dysfunction (OD) and parosmia.
  • To determine if post-viral OD, with or without parosmia, is associated with altered trigeminal nerve function.

Main Methods:

  • Compared trigeminal function in COVID-19 OD patients (n=27) and normosmic controls (n=15).
  • Assessed olfactory function using the extended Sniffin' Sticks test.
  • Evaluated trigeminal function via odor lateralization, nasal patency ratings, and ammonium vapor pain intensity.

Main Results:

  • Post-COVID OD patients without parosmia showed reduced sensitivity in pain intensity and odor lateralization compared to controls.
  • Nasal patency ratings were similar between groups.
  • No significant trigeminal function differences were found between OD patients with and without parosmia.

Conclusions:

  • Trigeminal nerve dysfunction may partially explain post-viral olfactory dysfunction.
  • Trigeminal nerve dysfunction does not appear to be a primary factor in the pathophysiology of parosmia.