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Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Increased Thyroid DPP4 Expression Is Associated With Inflammatory Process in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis.

Xiaohui Wen1, Xiaona Chang2, Xueqing He2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|December 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is elevated in the thyroid tissue of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) patients, particularly in lymphocytes. Inhibiting DPP4 may reduce inflammation in HT.

Keywords:
Hashimoto thyroiditisdipeptidyl peptidase-4lymphocytesthyroid destruction

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a surface protein on lymphocytes.
  • Lymphocyte infiltration and thyroid destruction are key in Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT).

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate DPP4 expression and activity in HT patients' peripheral blood and thyroid tissue.
  • Explore DPP4's role in HT pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Case-control study with 40 drug-naive HT patients and 81 controls.
  • Assessed DPP4 expression and activity in blood and thyroid specimens.
  • Utilized single-cell RNA sequencing and in vitro cell experiments.

Main Results:

  • DPP4 serum levels were similar between HT patients and controls.
  • Thyroid DPP4 expression and activity were significantly higher in HT patients.
  • scRNA-seq revealed increased DPP4 in HT T cells; sitagliptin inhibited inflammatory factors in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid DPP4 expression, mainly in lymphocytes, is increased in HT.
  • Inhibiting lymphocyte DPP4 activity reduces inflammatory factor production.
  • DPP4 inhibition shows potential for alleviating inflammation in HT.