Human-specific translational control of neuronal mitochondria and excitability

How are human-specific brain bioenergetics and excitability connected? In this Neuron issue, Shen et al.¹ reveal a human-specific interaction between RACK1 mRNA and FMRP. Reducing RACK1 mimics FMRP-dependent excitability and mitochondrial phenotypes, which can be reversed with mitochondrial-protective drugs. These findings suggest that FMRP-mediated translation adapts mitochondria to excitability energy demands.