Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stresses in a Shaft01:18

Stresses in a Shaft

378
The shaft PQ is subjected to a twisting force when equal and opposite torques are applied on either side. A section that cuts perpendicular to the shaft's axis at any arbitrary point R is examined to understand this. When the free-body diagram of the QR segment is analyzed, it reveals the shearing forces exerted by the PR portion onto the QR segment as the shaft experiences twisting.
Applying equilibrium conditions to the QR segment establishes that the internal shearing forces within the...
378
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

149
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
149
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

269
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
269
Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

190
When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
190
Shearing Stress01:19

Shearing Stress

572
Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
572
Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range01:13

Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range

245
Consider a scenario where a circular shaft is subject to torque that remains within the boundaries of Hooke's Law, avoiding any permanent deformation. So, the formula for shearing strain is revisited. This formula is multiplied by the modulus of rigidity, and then Hooke's Law for the shearing stress and strain is applied. As a result, the equation for shearing stress in a shaft can be derived.
245

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-term effects of adolescent risperidone treatment on the mouse cortex.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Secondary B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia following lenalidomide maintenance in multiple myeloma.

Indian journal of pathology & microbiology·2026
Same author

Does postoperative gabapentinoid prescription reduce chronic opioid use following short-segment lumbar instrumentation?

Journal of neurosurgery. Spine·2026
Same author

Malnutrition and Adverse Outcomes after Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society·2026
Same author

Does alignment with Roussouly classification improve outcomes in well-aligned adult spinal deformity patients?

Surgical neurology international·2026
Same author

Acute Systemic Complications Following High-Dose Semaglutide Reinitiation in an Elderly Patient.

Clinical case reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents
06:59

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents

Published on: August 14, 2018

13.4K

Correlation Between Rod Fracture and Shear Stress: A Novel Parameter.

Seth Street1, Abhijith V Matur1, Xu Tao1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

World Neurosurgery
|December 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A novel rod shear stress (RSS) parameter shows promise in predicting rod fracture (RF) risk after adult spinal deformity surgery. While the number of instrumented levels is also a strong predictor, RSS may offer a more personalized risk assessment.

Keywords:
Implant failureRod fractureShear stressSpine surgery

More Related Videos

Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method
07:37

Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method

Published on: January 16, 2019

9.7K
Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip
08:43

Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip

Published on: September 29, 2023

845

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents
06:59

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents

Published on: August 14, 2018

13.4K
Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method
07:37

Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method

Published on: January 16, 2019

9.7K
Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip
08:43

Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip

Published on: September 29, 2023

845

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Spinal Fusion Research

Background:

  • Adult spinal deformity correction often involves spinal instrumentation.
  • Rod fracture (RF) is a potential complication following spinal fusion surgery.
  • Accurate identification of patients at risk for RF is crucial for surgical planning and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of a novel rod shear stress (RSS) parameter in predicting RF risk.
  • To compare the predictive accuracy of RSS against its constituent variables, specifically the number of instrumented levels.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of adult spinal deformity patients (≥18 years) with ≥24 months follow-up.
  • Calculation of RSS parameter (RSS=Nwd²) using patient weight (w), number of instrumented levels (N), and minimum rod diameter (d).
  • Analysis using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs).

Main Results:

  • The RSS parameter demonstrated the highest discriminative accuracy with an AUC of 0.73 (±0.11).
  • At a cutoff of 30.1, RSS achieved 71.4% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity (LR, 2.5).
  • The number of instrumented levels showed a strong correlation with RFs, with an AUC of 0.65 (±0.12).

Conclusions:

  • The RSS parameter, derived from readily available data, shows potential for predicting patient-specific RF risk after spinal fusion.
  • The number of instrumented levels is also a significant predictor of RFs and is not substantially less accurate than RSS.
  • Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to definitively establish the superiority of RSS or other parameters for RF prediction.