Development of nanocomposites based on chitosan/reduced graphene oxide for wound healing application

Nanocomposites containing different effective materials have various effects, such as antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, which are desirable for wound dressing. Herein, nanocomposites based on chitosan/reduced graphene oxide (CS/rGO) containing curcumin (CS/rGO/Cur), curcumin and papain (CS/rGO/Cur/Pa), curcumin, papain, and collagen peptide (CS/rGO/CP/Cur/Pa), prepared using ionic gelation method and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Differential Light Scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Subsequently, the nanocomposite's potential for wound healing was studied through parameters such as porosity, swelling, degradability, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, cell viability, and in-vivo. The results of FTIR, XRD, SEM, and DLS showed that the nanocomposites synthesized properly with an almost spherical morphology, an average diameter of below 100 nm (mostly 40-85 nm), and a hydrodynamic diameter of 455-616 nm. The various tests demonstrated the nanocomposite's effectiveness in wound healing. The results showed that CS/rGO/CP/Cur/Pa increased the anti-inflammatory and cell viability up to 99.7 % and 395 %, respectively, which is higher than others. Animal tests on rats showed that CS/rGO/CP/Cur/Pa accelerated the wound healing rate up to 70 %. In conclusion, the results showed that the nanocomposites based on CS/rGO significantly improve wound healing, and the presence of collagen peptides boost their wound healing potency.