Cognitive and functional evolution in older adults with and without intellectual disability using a multicomponent...

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Neuroscience
• Disability Studies

Background:

• Global populations are aging, leading to increased biopsychosocial aging.
• Cognitive impairment often correlates with diminished capacity in daily living activities.
• Cognitive training is recommended for older adults to preserve cognitive and functional health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate cognitive and functional changes in older adults with and without intellectual disability.
• To identify factors influencing positive outcomes after a multicomponent intervention.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of a program based on human occupational and person-centered care models.

Main Methods:

• A study involving 247 participants.
• Descriptive and univariate analyses for baseline data.
• Wilcoxon paired samples test and linear regression for evaluating changes and predictors.

Main Results:

• Cognitive improvements were observed in both groups.
• No significant changes in basic activities of daily living were noted.
• Instrumental activities of daily living improved in the intellectual disability group; no predictors of improvement were identified.

Conclusions:

• Older adults with intellectual disability can improve cognitive and functional abilities with appropriate support.
• The findings highlight the potential of tailored interventions for aging populations with intellectual disability.
• Supports are crucial for enabling older adults with intellectual disability to navigate aging successfully.