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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

40.5K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
40.5K
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

22.0K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.0K
Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

106
The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing,...
106
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

31.3K
Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
31.3K
What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

115.3K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
115.3K
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Manipulation of Color Patterns in Jumping Spiders for Use in Behavioral Experiments
09:03

Manipulation of Color Patterns in Jumping Spiders for Use in Behavioral Experiments

Published on: May 21, 2019

9.6K

Divergent preference functions generate directional selection in a jumping spider.

Leonardo Braga Castilho1

  • 1Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil. leonardobcastilho@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|December 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Sexual selection

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Speciation research
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Sexual selection is theorized to drive speciation.
  • However, its role in speciation is debated, with some models suggesting it can hinder the process.
  • Previous models often lack realistic species-specific parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the potential for speciation driven by sexual selection using realistic parameters.
  • To investigate the influence of female preference variance on speciation.
  • To explore how realistic parameters affect the prediction of selection types (directional vs. disruptive).

Main Methods:

  • Development of a speciation model incorporating realistic parameters.
  • Input of data from the jumping spider Hasarius adansoni.

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Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

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  • Analysis of selection patterns predicted by the model.

    • Main Results:

    • The model, using realistic parameters from Hasarius adansoni, predicted directional selection.
    • This contrasts with the expectation of disruptive selection, often linked to speciation.
    • Substantial female variance in preference did not automatically lead to disruptive selection.

    Conclusions:

    • Realistic parameters are crucial for accurate speciation modeling.
    • Sexual selection may not always promote speciation, depending on species-specific traits.
    • This modeling approach offers a novel tool for understanding sexual selection's complex role in speciation.