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Enterovirus E infects bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Implications for pathogenesis?
Joanna Małaczewska1, Małgorzata Wróbel1, Edyta Kaczorek-Łukowska1
1Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Olsztyn, Poland.
Journal of Veterinary Research
|December 22, 2023
Summary
Enterovirus E (EV-E) infects bovine immune cells, impacting T-cell and B-cell proliferation. This viral interaction may lead to immune evasion and increased susceptibility to secondary infections in cattle.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Enterovirus E (EV-E) is a widespread cattle pathogen with poorly understood interactions with the bovine immune system.
- Understanding these interactions is crucial for managing viral diseases in livestock.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the permissiveness of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to EV-E infection.
- To determine the effects of EV-E on immune cell viability, proliferation, and cytokine secretion.
Main Methods:
- Bovine PBMCs were inoculated with EV-E, and viral RNA levels were quantified.
- Cell viability and proliferation assays (MTT) were performed.
- Flow cytometry analyzed lymphocyte subsets and phagocyte oxidative burst, while ELISA measured pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α).
Main Results:
- EV-E productively infected bovine PBMCs.
- High EV-E doses reduced T-cell viability and proliferation.
- EV-E inhibited B-cell proliferation and stimulated the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.
Conclusions:
- EV-E interactions with bovine immune cells suggest potential viral immune evasion strategies.
- Cattle infected with EV-E may be more susceptible to secondary infections, particularly bacterial ones.
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