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Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination (PPSV23) in High-Risk Pediatric Patients With Diabetes
Kelsey Mueller1, Jason Koury1, Preeyaporn Sarangarm1
1Department of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Hospitals, Albuquerque, NM (KM, JK, PS, RCH, ES).
Summary
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) uptake was low in high-risk diabetic children, with many missed vaccination opportunities. This highlights a gap in adherence to recommendations for preventing pneumococcal infections in this vulnerable pediatric population.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) for high-risk pediatric patients aged 2-18 years.
- PPSV23 is not routinely recommended for all children, and adherence to recommendations for high-risk groups can be inconsistent.
- Children with type 1 or type 2 diabetes are considered high-risk for pneumococcal infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the vaccination rates of PPSV23 in high-risk pediatric patients diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
- To identify missed opportunities for PPSV23 vaccination in this population.
- To assess the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections in relation to vaccination status.
Main Methods:
- A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted.
- Patients aged 2-18 years with a diabetes diagnosis and at least one healthcare encounter in 2019 were included.
- Primary outcome was PPSV23 vaccination rates; secondary outcomes included missed vaccination opportunities and invasive pneumococcal infection incidence.
Main Results:
- A total of 366 patients were included, with a mean age of 13.3 years; 69.8% were white.
- Only 32 patients (8.7%) had documented PPSV23 vaccination.
- 32 cases of pneumonia were recorded before PPSV23 vaccination, and one case after.
Conclusions:
- PPSV23 vaccination rates were notably low in the studied high-risk diabetic pediatric population.
- Numerous missed opportunities for PPSV23 vaccination were identified.
- The low uptake may stem from PPSV23 not being a universally recommended vaccine for all pediatric patients.
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