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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass.  One common type of ionization, known as electrospray ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave...
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Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
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Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

857
Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

747
In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Applications of the Single-probe: Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Single Cell Analysis under Ambient Conditions
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Applications of the Single-probe: Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Single Cell Analysis under Ambient Conditions

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Recent developments in ionization techniques for single-cell mass spectrometry.

Qingli Zeng1,2, Meng-Chan Xia3, Xinchi Yin2

  • 1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Chemistry
|December 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-cell mass spectrometry offers powerful insights into cellular functions. Advancements in ionization techniques like nano-ESI and LDI are crucial for overcoming challenges in analyzing minute cellular substances.

Keywords:
inductively coupled plasmaionizationlaser desorption ionizationmass spectrometrynanoelectrospray ionizationsecondary ion mass spectrometrysingle-cell analysis

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Integrated Cell Manipulation Platform Coupled with the Single-probe for Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Drugs and Metabolites in Single Suspension Cells
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Fluorescence-Guided Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization with Laser-Induced Postionization Mass Spectrometry of Individual Rat Neural Cells
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Fluorescence-Guided Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization with Laser-Induced Postionization Mass Spectrometry of Individual Rat Neural Cells

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Fluorescence-Guided Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization with Laser-Induced Postionization Mass Spectrometry of Individual Rat Neural Cells
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Fluorescence-Guided Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization with Laser-Induced Postionization Mass Spectrometry of Individual Rat Neural Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cellular variation is key to biological functions, but studying individual cells is difficult due to complexity and small sample sizes.
  • Single-cell analysis provides unique insights into biochemical mechanisms not visible in bulk tissue studies.
  • Mass spectrometry is emerging as a vital tool for single-cell analysis due to its sensitivity and identification capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in ionization techniques for single-cell mass spectrometry.
  • To discuss the potential future directions of these ionization methods in unicellular analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on advancements in ionization techniques for mass spectrometry.
  • Key methods discussed include nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI), laser desorption ionization (LDI), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP).

Main Results:

  • Single-cell mass spectrometry is rapidly advancing, with a primary focus on improving ionization efficiency.
  • Various ionization techniques show promise for overcoming the challenges of analyzing complex unicellular compositions and minute substance quantities.

Conclusions:

  • Continued development of ionization methods is essential for unlocking the full potential of single-cell mass spectrometry.
  • These advancements will enable deeper understanding of cellular heterogeneity and function.