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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
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Age-Related Alternative Splicing: Driver or Passenger in the Aging Process?

Marco Baralle1, Maurizio Romano2

  • 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy.

Cells
|December 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Alternative splicing changes are linked to aging, potentially driving age-related decline and disease. Further research is needed to confirm if splicing alterations are causes or effects of aging.

Keywords:
age-associated splicing eventsage-related diseasesagingalternative splicingmolecular agingsenescencesplice variantssplicing factorssplicing regulationtranscriptome changes

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Aging Research
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Alternative splicing patterns change with organismal aging.
  • These alterations affect gene isoform levels and functions, potentially contributing to aging processes.
  • Splicing factor expression also fluctuates during aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of alternative splicing in aging.
  • To investigate whether splicing changes are drivers or consequences of aging.
  • To understand the implications for aging biology and potential therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of age-related changes in splicing patterns, including intron retention, cassette exons, and cryptic exons.
  • Examination of alterations in protein domains and nonsense-mediated decay.
  • Investigation of somatic mutations in splicing genes.

Main Results:

  • Alternative splicing events modify protein isoforms and functions during aging.
  • These modifications can potentially drive aging or serve as biomarkers.
  • Somatic mutations in splicing genes are linked to aging and age-related diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between splicing and aging is complex, with challenges in establishing causation.
  • Understanding how aging impacts RNA splicing machinery is crucial.
  • Splicing represents a promising area for aging research and therapeutic development to increase healthy lifespan.