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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...

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Factors Predictive of Positive Lymph Nodes for Breast Cancer.

Kelly M Elleson1, Katherine Englander2, Julia Gallagher2

  • 1Regional Breast Care, Genesis Care Network, 8931 Colonial Center Dr #301, Fort Myers, FL 33905, USA.

Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.)
|December 22, 2023
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Summary

Larger breast tumor size and shorter tumor-nipple distance are linked to increased axillary lymph node positivity. Factors like lymphovascular invasion and younger age also correlate with more positive nodes.

Keywords:
breast cancerlymph node metastasessentinel lymph nodesurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Axillary lymph node status is a critical prognostic indicator in breast cancer management.
  • Accurate assessment of nodal involvement guides treatment decisions and predicts patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between primary tumor characteristics and axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients.
  • To identify predictive factors for lymph node positivity and quantify their association with tumor size and other clinicopathologic features.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical and pathological data from 728 stage I-III breast cancer patients (1998-2019).
  • Statistical methods included Student's t-test, Chi-squared/Fisher exact test, and logistic regression to assess associations with positive nodes (pN+).

Main Results:

  • 48.2% of patients had positive axillary nodes (pN+).
  • Mean tumor size was significantly larger in pN+ cases (27.7 mm vs. 15.5 mm, p < 0.001).
  • Shorter tumor-to-nipple distance (45 mm vs. 62 mm, p < 0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were associated with pN+.

Conclusions:

  • Increased tumor size and shorter tumor-nipple distance are significant predictors of axillary lymph node positivity.
  • Factors including age (<60), LVI, recurrence, mastectomy, larger tumor size, and shorter tumor-nipple distance correlate with 3+ positive lymph nodes.