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Related Concept Videos

Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Assessment of the Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds on the Development of Vertebrate Neural Network Function Using Multi-electrode Arrays
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Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Bisphenol A and Alternatives: A Comprehensive In Silico Modelling Approach.

Liadys Mora Lagares1, Marjan Vračko1

  • 1Laboratory for Cheminformatics, Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Journal of Xenobiotics
|December 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study evaluated bisphenol A (BPA) alternatives using in silico ecotoxicological models. Some BPA derivatives show potential environmental concern, highlighting the need for specialized assessment models.

Keywords:
BPA alternativesbisphenol A (BPA)ecotoxicity assessmentenvironmental impactin silico modelsprincipal component analysis (PCA)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Bisphenol A (BPA) is prevalent in industrial applications, including polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins.
  • Widespread use of BPA raises significant concerns regarding its environmental persistence and potential human health impacts.
  • Assessing the ecotoxicological profiles of BPA alternatives is crucial for mitigating environmental risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the ecotoxicological properties of various bisphenol A (BPA) alternatives.
  • To identify specific BPA derivatives that may pose environmental risks.
  • To assess the utility of current in silico models for evaluating BPA alternatives.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a diverse set of in silico ecotoxicological models.
  • Screened 76 bisphenols, including derivatives of Bisphenol A (BPA).
  • Applied computational models not specifically developed for this compound class, necessitating cautious interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Identified several bisphenol compounds with potential ecotoxicological concerns.
  • Highlighted limitations of existing general in silico models for assessing BPA alternatives.
  • Indicated variability in environmental risk among different BPA derivatives.

Conclusions:

  • Certain BPA alternatives warrant further investigation due to potential environmental risks.
  • Emphasized the critical need for developing specialized ecotoxicological models for BPA alternatives.
  • Accurate assessment models are essential for informed selection of safer chemical substitutes.