Chagas Disease in Europe

Area of Science:

• Global Health
• Infectious Diseases
• Tropical Medicine

Background:

• Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease with a growing presence in non-endemic countries.
• Significant information gaps exist regarding Chagas disease epidemiology in Europe, with limited data beyond Spain and Italy.
• Underdiagnosis rates may reach 70%, disproportionately affecting women of childbearing age.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current literature on Chagas disease in non-endemic countries, focusing on Europe.
• To identify gaps in knowledge and challenges in screening, prevention, and management strategies.
• To explore opportunities for improving control and prevention in resource-rich settings.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies on Chagas disease in non-endemic regions.
• Analysis of data on underdiagnosis, transmission routes (including transfusion-related), and screening practices.
• Evaluation of existing European strategies for prevention and management.

Main Results:

• Limited updated information on Chagas disease in Europe, with Spain and Italy being most studied.
• High underdiagnosis rates, particularly among women of childbearing age.
• Heterogeneous and often inconsistent transfusion-transmission prevention strategies across European countries.

Conclusions:

• Standardized screening and treatment of at-risk populations, especially women, are vital for Chagas disease control.
• There is a need for uniform legislation and harmonized preventive strategies across Europe, aligning with European directives.
• The increasing burden in resource-rich areas presents an opportunity to advance Chagas disease control and prevention efforts.