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A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Analysis of competing risks of cardiovascular death in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A population-based

Lizhi Cao1,2, Xiaoying Wang3, Yuzhong Yan3

  • 1School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.

Medicine
|December 22, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients face a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Early detection and management of CVD are crucial for improving survival in HCC patients.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.
  • Understanding the specific risks of CVD in HCC is vital for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the comorbid effects of CVDs in patients diagnosed with HCC.
  • To quantify the excess cardiovascular mortality risk in HCC patients compared to the general population.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of cardiovascular mortality between HCC patients (2000-2014) and the general US population.
  • Calculation of standardized mortality ratios (SMR) to assess relative risk.
  • Estimation of cumulative incidence of cardiovascular death using Fine-Gray testing and competing risk models.

Main Results:

  • HCC patients exhibited an overall SMR for CVD of 11.15, indicating a significantly elevated risk.
  • Younger HCC patients (<55 years) faced a substantially higher SMR (56.19) compared to older patients (≥75 years, SMR 1.86).
  • Independent risk factors for CVD in HCC patients included age, tumor grade, size, SEER stage, and surgical status.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with HCC are at a significantly increased risk of developing and dying from cardiovascular diseases.
  • Enhanced preventive screening and proactive management of CVD are essential during and after HCC treatment.
  • Addressing cardiovascular comorbidities can improve overall survival for individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma.

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