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The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

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Mode-order conversion in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on Chern insulators.

Zhewei Fan, Tao Zhou, Xudong Zhan

|December 22, 2023

Summary

This study introduces a defect-immune mode-order converter using topological edge states in gyromagnetic photonic crystals. This innovation enhances mode division multiplexing for optical communication and integrated circuits.

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Area of Science:

Photonics
Condensed Matter Physics
Optical Engineering

Background:

Mode division multiplexing (MDM) is crucial for increasing optical communication capacity.
Traditional photonic crystal (PC) waveguides for mode-order conversion are vulnerable to defects, limiting device performance.
Achieving robust mode coupling and optimization is essential for advanced photonic integration.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel mode-order converter immune to defects.
To demonstrate the conversion of topological edge states (TESs) for mode manipulation.
To enhance the capacity and density of photonic integrated circuits (PICs).

Main Methods:

Designing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure.
Utilizing Chern insulators composed of gyromagnetic PCs to host topological edge states (TESs).
Numerical demonstration of back-and-forth mode conversion via phase modulation.

Main Results:

The proposed MZI-based device enables defect-immune mode-order conversion between fundamental and high-order modes.
Topological edge states (TESs) are effectively manipulated for mode conversion.
Each converted mode exhibits robustness against fabrication defects.

Conclusions:

The developed TES-based mode converter offers a defect-immune solution for MDM.
This approach provides a new perspective for designing high-performance multimode devices.
Potential applications include PICs, on-chip processors, and optical fiber communication.