Microtubules bind glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and modulate its enzyme activity and quaternary structure

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a tetramer of 140,000 Da, interacts with in vitro reconstituted microtubules. It results in a partial inhibition of the activity of the microtubule-bound enzyme. After cold depolymerization of the microtubule-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase complexes, a fraction of the enzyme is recovered in an active form in the disassembly supernatant; the other fraction devoid of activity, identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, remains associated with the undepolymerizable microtubule protein pellet. The inactivation of the microtubule-bound enzyme is related to the concentration of microtubule protein. Higher the concentration of microtubule protein, lower the fraction of inactivated enzyme; consequently, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is able to copolymerize quantitatively with microtubule protein through one assembly-disassembly cycle, provided that the concentration of microtubule protein is high. Monomeric glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (molecular weight: 35,000) devoid of enzyme activity, prepared by reversible dissociation of the tetrameric enzyme, also binds to microtubules and is quantitatively recovered in the undepolymerizable microtubule protein fraction after cold treatment. These results indicate that interacting with microtubules, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase partly dissociates into inactive monomers, this process is regulated by the concentration of assembled microtubule protein, and active and inactive glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase bound to microtubules have different fate at the step of microtubule disassembly. These data suggest that an association of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase to microtubules could play a role in modulating the activity of the glycolytic enzyme in intact cells.