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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Environmental Influences on Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders with Special Emphasis on Seasonality: An

George Botsas^1,2, Eirini Koidou³, Konstantinos Chatzinikolaou³

¹Department of Early Childhood and Care, School of Social Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 23, 2023

Summary

Environmental factors, especially seasonality, may influence autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk. Research highlights birth timing, maternal health, and vitamin D

Keywords:

autism geographic location immigration infection nutrition photoperiod seasonality time of birth vitamin

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Developmental Pediatrics
Epidemiology

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence is increasing globally.
The etiology of ASD is complex, involving genetic and environmental factors.
Environmental influences on ASD risk require further elucidation, particularly concerning seasonality.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively review the existing literature on environmental factors and ASD.
To explore the specific role of seasonality in ASD etiology.
To identify key environmental risk factors and their interplay with seasonal influences.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of published research on environmental factors and ASD.
Analysis of studies examining seasonality, birth months, and ASD.
Synthesis of data on maternal health, diet, vitamin D, infections, and solar radiation in relation to ASD.

Main Results:

Evidence suggests a link between certain environmental factors and ASD risk.
Seasonality, including birth month, appears to be a relevant factor.
Interactions between seasonality, maternal health, and other environmental exposures warrant attention.

Conclusions:

Environmental factors, particularly those related to seasonality, may contribute to ASD development.
Further epidemiological studies are needed to investigate environmental risk factors comprehensively.
Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for addressing the rising prevalence of ASD.