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Effect of Obesity on the Respiratory Parameters in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Carolina Caliendo1, Rossella Femiano1, Giuseppina Rosaria Umano2

  • 1Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Obesity does not strongly correlate with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children. However, higher Body Mass Index (BMI) is associated with increased Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) severity in pediatric OSAS patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent condition in children.
  • The influence of obesity on OSAS respiratory parameters requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between obesity and sleep respiratory parameters in children with OSAS.
  • To determine if higher Body Mass Index (BMI) affects the severity of OSAS.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 56 Caucasian children and adolescents (age 11 ± 2.79 years) with BMI > 5th percentile.
  • Division into Obesity Group (OG, BMI ≥ 95th percentile) and Control Group (CG, 5th < BMI < 95th percentile).
  • Assessment of respiratory parameters including Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI), and lowest SaO2 (Nadir) via Polysomnography (PG).

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant difference was observed between groups for ODI (p = 0.02).
  • A significant correlation was found between BMI and AHI (r = 0.02), SaO2 (r = 0.01), and Nadir O2 (r = 0.02).

Conclusions:

  • No strong direct correlation between obesity and OSAS was identified.
  • A positive association exists between higher BMI and increased AHI severity in pediatric OSAS.

Keywords:
Nocturnal Home Cardiorespiratory Polygraphy (PG)Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ)Saturation O2 (SaO2)obesityobstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)

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