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Malignant tumours in the neonate.

A N Campbell, H S Chan, A O'Brien

    Archives of Disease in Childhood
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Neonatal cancers are rare but treatable, with many infants surviving with proper care. Early diagnosis and treatment, including surgery or radiochemotherapy, improve outcomes for childhood cancers.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Oncology
    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Cancer Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Neonatal cancers constitute 2% of all pediatric malignancies.
    • A 60-year study period at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto provided a substantial case series.
    • Understanding the incidence and types of neonatal cancers is crucial for improving outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the incidence, types, and outcomes of neonatal cancers.
    • To identify prognostic factors and treatment effectiveness for neonatal malignancies.
    • To inform physicians about the curability and risks associated with treating these rare childhood cancers.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 102 neonatal cancer cases over 60 years.
    • Categorization of cancers by type, including neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, and others.

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  • Evaluation of treatment modalities (surgery, radiochemotherapy) and patient survival rates.

    • Main Results:

    • Neuroblastoma was the most common neonatal cancer (47%), followed by retinoblastoma (17%).
    • The overall mortality rate was 41%, with retinoblastoma, Wilms' tumour, and neuroblastoma showing better prognoses.
    • 42% of patients survived, with no long-term major handicaps reported, except for one case of radiation-induced secondary malignancy.

    Conclusions:

    • Neonatal cancers, while challenging, are often curable with appropriate treatment.
    • Surgery and radiochemotherapy are effective treatment modalities for neonatal malignancies.
    • Informed consent regarding treatment risks is essential for parents of affected infants.