Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structure of Cardiac Muscles01:13

Structure of Cardiac Muscles

11.3K
Cardiac muscle, or myocardium, is a specialized type of muscle found exclusively in the heart. Its unique structural and functional characteristics enable the heart to perform its vital role of pumping blood throughout the body continuously and rhythmically. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, possess an endomysium and perimysium but do not have an epimysium.
Compared to skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle cells are small and mostly have a single nucleus. Additionally, they are usually...
11.3K
Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles01:27

Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles

2.5K
The primary role of cardiac muscles is to propel blood throughout the cardiovascular system. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, exhibit specialized characteristics that allow them to perform this function.
Cardiac muscle cells are smaller than skeletal muscles, averaging 10–20 mm in diameter and 50–100 mm in length. However, they have large energy demands for continuous contraction and relaxation. This energy is almost exclusively derived from aerobic metabolism of energy...
2.5K
Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

1.8K
The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
1.8K
Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

594
Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
594
Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

957
The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
957
Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

2.0K
Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predictors of Long-Term Prognosis Focused on Kidney Function in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome.

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Antioxidant Response in Skeletal Muscle.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Markers in Post-Surgical Head and Neck Cancer Patients Rehabilitated with Removable Prosthetic Restorations.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

The role of sclerostin in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases- a potential biomarker?

Advances in medical sciences·2025
Same author

Intensification of diuretic therapy in pulmonary hypertension - a retrospective evaluation of hemodynamic and functional changes.

Advances in medical sciences·2025
Same author

Impairment of Kidney Function in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndromes.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2025

A Simple and Effective Method to Consistently Isolate Mouse Cardiomyocytes
06:25

A Simple and Effective Method to Consistently Isolate Mouse Cardiomyocytes

Published on: November 11, 2022

2.9K

Myostatin and the Heart.

Małgorzata Knapp1, Elżbieta Supruniuk2, Jan Górski3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland.

Biomolecules
|December 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Myostatin, a protein primarily from muscle, influences heart size and function. Inhibiting myostatin may offer new therapies for heart failure and cardiac cachexia.

Keywords:
cardiac cachexiacardiac hypertrophychronic heart failureheart physiologymyocardial infarctionmyostatin

More Related Videos

Isolation of Human Myoblasts, Assessment of Myogenic Differentiation, and Store-operated Calcium Entry Measurement
10:45

Isolation of Human Myoblasts, Assessment of Myogenic Differentiation, and Store-operated Calcium Entry Measurement

Published on: July 26, 2017

10.1K
Preparation of Primary Myogenic Precursor Cell/Myoblast Cultures from Basal Vertebrate Lineages
07:51

Preparation of Primary Myogenic Precursor Cell/Myoblast Cultures from Basal Vertebrate Lineages

Published on: April 30, 2014

20.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2025

A Simple and Effective Method to Consistently Isolate Mouse Cardiomyocytes
06:25

A Simple and Effective Method to Consistently Isolate Mouse Cardiomyocytes

Published on: November 11, 2022

2.9K
Isolation of Human Myoblasts, Assessment of Myogenic Differentiation, and Store-operated Calcium Entry Measurement
10:45

Isolation of Human Myoblasts, Assessment of Myogenic Differentiation, and Store-operated Calcium Entry Measurement

Published on: July 26, 2017

10.1K
Preparation of Primary Myogenic Precursor Cell/Myoblast Cultures from Basal Vertebrate Lineages
07:51

Preparation of Primary Myogenic Precursor Cell/Myoblast Cultures from Basal Vertebrate Lineages

Published on: April 30, 2014

20.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Endocrinology
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Myostatin (growth differentiation factor 8) is a TGF-β superfamily member.
  • Primarily secreted by skeletal muscle, also found in myocardium and adipose tissue.
  • Myostatin signaling involves canonical Smad2/Smad3 and non-canonical pathways via activin IIB receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic and prognostic value of myostatin in heart conditions.
  • To explore myostatin's role in cardiac hypertrophy, cachexia, and fibrosis.
  • To highlight potential therapeutic strategies targeting myostatin signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on myostatin in animal models and human studies.
  • Analysis of myostatin's effects on cardiac structure and function.
  • Examination of myostatin's involvement in pathological cardiac conditions.

Main Results:

  • Myostatin deficiency in mice leads to increased left ventricular dimensions and volumes.
  • Myostatin may act as a negative feedback regulator of hypertrophic stimuli.
  • Myostatin is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac cachexia and fibrosis in chronic heart failure.

Conclusions:

  • Myostatin plays a complex role in cardiac physiology and pathology.
  • Understanding myostatin's function offers insights into heart failure mechanisms.
  • Targeting myostatin signaling presents a potential therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular diseases.