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Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Meiosis I03:09

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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Single Oocyte Bisulfite Mutagenesis
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A DNA Methylation Perspective on Infertility.

Ghaleb Shacfe1, Rasoul Turko1, Haadi Hammad Syed1

  • 1College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.

Genes
|December 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic changes, specifically DNA methylation alterations, are increasingly recognized as a key factor in unexplained infertility for both men and women. Understanding these epigenetic modifications offers new avenues for diagnosing and treating infertility.

Keywords:
Artificial Reproductive TechnologyDNA methylationepigeneticsinfertility

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Infertility affects numerous couples globally, with a rising incidence.
  • Idiopathic infertility presents a challenge, as assisted reproductive technologies (ART) do not always provide solutions.
  • Gene expression abnormalities are observed in infertile individuals, suggesting underlying regulatory mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of DNA methylation alterations in male and female infertility.
  • To explore how epigenetic modifications contribute to idiopathic infertility.
  • To highlight the impact of aberrant DNA methylation on reproductive outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on infertility and epigenetics.
  • Analysis of studies profiling genome and transcriptome in infertile populations.
  • Focus on DNA methylation patterns in sperm and oocytes.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant DNA methylation is a significant factor in abnormal sperm and oocyte gene expression.
  • Epigenetic modifications can link environmental factors to gene expression changes relevant to fertility.
  • Altered DNA methylation patterns are implicated in fertilization and pregnancy complications.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation alterations are crucial in understanding male and female infertility, particularly idiopathic cases.
  • Epigenetic profiling offers potential for improved infertility diagnosis and management.
  • Further research into DNA methylation is vital for advancing reproductive medicine.