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Numerical and Experimental Study into Paper Compression Test.

Leszek Czechowski¹, Paweł Pełczyński², Maria Bieńkowska²

¹Department of Strength of Materials, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Street 1/15, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 23, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study determined the maximum compression load for paper samples, validating numerical models with experimental data. Findings are crucial for designing strong corrugated cardboard packaging and assessing load capacity.

Keywords:

Hill’s anisotropy potential theory digital image analysis finite element method paper strength

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Solid Mechanics

Background:

Understanding the mechanical behavior of paper under axial load is critical for packaging applications.
Accurate prediction of material failure under compression is essential for structural integrity.
Corrugated cardboard is widely used in packaging, necessitating detailed analysis of its compressive strength.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally determine the maximum compression load of paper samples with varying heights.
To validate numerical models using the finite element method (FEM) against experimental results.
To provide practical data for the mechanical properties and load capacity calculations of corrugated cardboard packaging.

Main Methods:

Experimental compression tests were conducted on paper samples of different heights.
Numerical simulations employed Green-Lagrangian nonlinear equations for large displacements and strains.
Hill's anisotropy theory was used to model progressive failure of the orthotropic material.
The Newton-Raphson algorithm facilitated nonlinear calculations and convergence.
Image analysis tracked the shape changes of compressed paper samples.

Main Results:

Experimental data provided the maximum compression load for paper samples.
Validated FEM models accurately predicted paper behavior under axial compression.
The study demonstrated the effectiveness of numerical simulations in replicating experimental outcomes.
Analysis of sample shape changes offered insights into failure mechanisms.

Conclusions:

The developed numerical model accurately reflects experimental compression test results.
The findings are directly applicable to calculating mechanical properties of corrugated cardboard.
This research aids in designing robust cardboard packaging and assessing its load-bearing capacity for transport and storage.