Anti-Tuberculosis Potential of OJT008 against Active and Multi-Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: In Silico...

Despite the recent progress in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), the chemotherapeutic management of TB continues to be challenging. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiological agent of TB, is classified as the 13th leading cause of death globally. In addition, 450,000 people were reported to develop multi-drug-resistant TB globally. The current project focuses on targeting methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP), an essential protein for the viability of Mtb. MetAP is a metalloprotease that catalyzes the excision of the N-terminal methionine (NME) during protein synthesis, allowing the enzyme to be an auspicious target for the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of TB. Mtb possesses two MetAP1 isoforms, MtMetAP1a and MtMetAP1c, which are vital for Mtb viability and, hence, a promising chemotherapeutic target for Mtb therapy. In this study, we cloned and overexpressed recombinant MtMetAP1c. We investigated the in vitro inhibitory effect of the novel MetAP inhibitor, OJT008, on the cobalt ion- and nickel ion-activated MtMetAP1c, and the mechanism of action was elucidated through an in silico approach. The compound's potency against replicating and multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Mtb strains was also investigated. The induction of the overexpressed recombinant MtMetAP1c was optimized at 8 h with a final concentration of 1 mM Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside. The average yield from 1 L of Escherichia coli culture for MtMetAP1c was 4.65 mg. A preliminary MtMetAP1c metal dependency screen showed optimum activation with nickel and cobalt ions occurred at 100 µM. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of OJT008 against MtMetAP1c activated with CoCl₂ and NiCl₂ were 11 µM and 40 µM, respectively. The in silico study showed OJT008 strongly binds to both metal-activated MtMetAP1c, as evidenced by strong molecular interactions and a higher binding score, thereby corroborating our result. This in silico study validated the pharmacophore's metal specificity. The potency of OJT008 against both active and MDR Mtb was <0.063 µg/mL. Our study reports OJT008 as an inhibitor of MtMetAP1c, which is potent at low micromolar concentrations against both active susceptible and MDR Mtb. These results suggest OJT008 is a potential lead compound for the development of novel small molecules for the therapeutic management of TB.