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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
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Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

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Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
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Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Metabolic Dysfunction Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD).

Ying Zhao1,2, Yanni Zhou1,2, Dan Wang1,2

  • 1Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic dysfunction fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly NAFLD, is linked to mitochondrial issues and gut health. Current treatments focus on antioxidants, reagents, and gut microbiome modulation.

Keywords:
MAFLDfatty acid metabolismliver–gut axismitochondrial antioxidantmitochondrial quality controloxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition causing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • NAFLD is now termed metabolic dysfunction fatty liver disease (MAFLD) due to its strong ties to metabolic disorders.
  • MAFLD is associated with extrahepatic diseases, yet effective treatments remain elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of MAFLD pathogenesis, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • To explore the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and the liver-gut axis in MAFLD.
  • To summarize potential therapeutic strategies for MAFLD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on MAFLD.
  • Analysis of studies investigating mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells.
  • Examination of research on the liver-gut axis in MAFLD development.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells contributes to fat accumulation and lipotoxicity in MAFLD.
  • Disordered mitochondrial structure and function exacerbate MAFLD progression.
  • The liver-gut axis plays a significant role in MAFLD pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • MAFLD pathogenesis involves mitochondrial dysfunction and altered liver-gut axis interactions.
  • Potential therapeutic avenues include antioxidants, specific reagents, and modulation of intestinal microorganisms and metabolites.
  • Further research is needed to develop effective treatments for MAFLD.