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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Triple-Emulsion-Based Antibubbles: A Step Forward in Fabricating Novel Multi-Drug Delivery Systems.

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Researchers developed novel triple-emulsion antibubbles (O1/W1/A/W2) for dual drug delivery. These protein-stabilized carriers efficiently encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, overcoming limitations of traditional antibubbles.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing dual-payload drug carriers for both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances is a significant challenge in pharmaceutical research.
  • Traditional antibubbles (W1/A/W2) lack capacity for lipophilic payloads due to their air-water interface.
  • Existing nanoparticle-stabilized emulsions (W1/O/W2) can carry lipophilic drugs but differ structurally from antibubbles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize novel triple-emulsion antibubbles (O1/W1/A/W2) capable of co-delivering hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.
  • To investigate the encapsulation efficiency and stability of these novel carriers.
  • To explore the impact of protein stabilizers on antibubble performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of triple-emulsion antibubbles (O1/W1/A/W2) using protein isolates (whey, soy, pea) to stabilize the inner aqueous phase (W1) containing a nanoemulsion.
  • Loading of lipophilic (Nile red) and hydrophilic (methylene blue) model drugs into respective phases.
  • Characterization of antibubbles for size distribution, entrapment efficiency, and stability over a two-week rehydration period.

Main Results:

  • Triple-emulsion antibubbles achieved high entrapment efficiencies for lipophilic payloads (80-90%) and hydrophilic payloads (70-82%).
  • The developed antibubbles demonstrated good stability over a two-week rehydration period.
  • Variations in performance were mainly linked to protein concentration, not the specific type of protein used.

Conclusions:

  • Triple-emulsion antibubbles represent a promising platform for co-delivery of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.
  • Protein concentration is a key factor influencing the efficiency and stability of these novel drug delivery systems.
  • This approach overcomes the limitations of traditional antibubbles in carrying lipophilic substances.