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Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Viral Infections

Neeraja Purandare1, Esha Ghosalkar1, Lawrence I Grossman1

  • 1Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.

Viruses
|December 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Viruses exploit host cell mitochondria for energy, disrupting cellular homeostasis. Targeting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation offers a potential antiviral strategy by limiting viral replication energy.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Virology
  • Mitochondrial physiology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are crucial for cellular energy (ATP) production via oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Mitochondria also play roles in stress signaling, immune response, and apoptosis.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to cellular degeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiology of oxidative phosphorylation.
  • To explore how viruses regulate host cell mitochondria for replication.
  • To highlight the electron transport chain as a therapeutic target against viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on mitochondrial physiology.
  • Analysis of research on viral interactions with host cell oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Examination of the electron transport chain's role in viral replication.

Main Results:

  • Viruses require significant energy for replication, necessitating modulation of host mitochondrial ATP production.
  • Viruses can manipulate the host cell's electron transport chain to meet energy demands.
  • Limited studies exist on the specific regulatory effects viruses exert on the electron transport chain.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria are essential for viral replication due to their energy-generating capacity.
  • Targeting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation presents a promising avenue for antiviral therapies.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand viral regulation of the electron transport chain.
Keywords:
ATP synthaseNADH dehydrogenasecytochrome bc1 complexcytochrome c oxidaseoxidative phosphorylationreactive oxygen speciessuccinate dehydrogensase

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