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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Reinfections in Children in Western Australia

David A Foley1,2,3, Cara A Minney-Smith1, Wei Hao Lee3,4

  • 1Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.

Viruses
|December 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) reinfections are common in children, particularly those under six months. These hospital-attended events place a significant burden on healthcare systems, necessitating further study.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) reinfection in pediatric populations remains poorly understood.
  • Limited data exists on the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of hospital-attended RSV reinfections in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of hospital-attended RSV reinfections in children younger than 16 years.
  • To identify risk factors and patterns associated with RSV reinfection in children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of laboratory data to identify children with repeat RSV detections (≥56 days apart) between 2012 and 2022 in Western Australia.
  • Estimation of reinfection incidence using birth population data.
  • Collection of clinical data from two metropolitan pediatric centers for a subset of reinfection episodes.

Main Results:

  • A total of 466 children experienced hospital-attended RSV reinfections, with a median interval of 460 days between detections.
  • The reinfection rate was 95 per 100,000 individuals, highest in children first infected before 6 months of age.
  • Predisposing factors were identified in 56% of children, associated with older age at detection, increased hospital admission, and longer hospital stays.

Conclusions:

  • Hospital-attended RSV reinfections represent a substantial health burden in children, irrespective of predisposing factors.
  • Further expanded surveillance and in-depth clinical data collection are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of RSV reinfection's impact.

Keywords:
childrenimmunityreinfectionrespiratory syncytial virusrespiratory virus

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