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Urgent Hospitalizations Related to Viral Respiratory Disease in Children during Autumn and Winter Seasons 2022/2023

Francesca Peri1, Beatrice Lorenzon1, Carolina Cason2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy.

Viruses
|December 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza virus caused more pediatric hospitalizations than SARS-CoV-2 following eased social distancing. These viruses necessitated significant respiratory support, highlighting their impact on children

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Social distancing measures have been relaxed, leading to increased seasonal respiratory viral epidemics in children.
  • Pediatric emergency departments are experiencing a rise in hospitalizations due to these infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of respiratory viral infections on urgent hospitalizations in a pediatric emergency setting.
  • To compare the prevalence and severity of different respiratory viruses in children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for children and adolescents with positive nasal swabs.
  • Data collected from September 2021 to March 2022 and September 2022 to March 2023.
  • Study conducted at a children's hospital in Trieste, Italy.

Main Results:

  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Influenza viruses constituted up to 55% of respiratory infection hospitalizations.
  • Influenza virus hospitalizations were five times higher than SARS-CoV-2 hospitalizations in the last season (25% vs. 5%).
  • RSV was associated with a higher requirement for respiratory support, particularly High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC).

Conclusions:

  • RSV and Influenza viruses had a greater impact on urgent pediatric hospitalizations than SARS-CoV-2 during recent winter seasons.
  • The findings underscore the continued significance of traditional respiratory viruses in pediatric healthcare.
  • Increased respiratory support needs for RSV highlight its potential severity in children.
Abstract

Keywords:
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)bronchiolitisemergency department

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