Epidermal barrier function in dry, flaky and sensitive skin: A narrative review

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Skin Biology
• Epidermal Barrier Function

Background:

• The stratum corneum (SC) is the skin's primary permeability and protective barrier.
• SC components like corneocytes, natural moisturizing factor, enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, and lipids interact to maintain barrier integrity.
• Key barrier functions include limiting water loss and preventing pathogen entry.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current literature and emerging themes on epidermal barrier changes in dry, flaky, and sensitive skin.
• To highlight the need for further research into the pathophysiology of these common skin conditions.
• To inform the development of tailored treatments for impaired skin barrier function.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on stratum corneum function and dysfunction.
• Analysis of factors influencing SC morphology and barrier properties across different body sites, ages, and skin types.
• Exploration of the interplay between the chemosensory barrier, skin microbiome, and innate immune system in SC health.

Main Results:

• SC barrier function exhibits variations based on body site, age, and skin type.
• Dysregulation of SC barrier function is linked to skin disorders like dry, flaky, or sensitive skin.
• The complete pathophysiology underlying these conditions remains incompletely understood.

Conclusions:

• Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the etiology of dry, flaky, and sensitive skin.
• Targeted therapeutic strategies require a deeper understanding of epidermal barrier alterations.
• Investigating the complex interactions within the skin barrier is essential for advancing dermatological treatments.