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Older PLHIV are at Higher Cardiovascular Risk with Poor Quality of Life

Muhammed Shabil1, Krishna Murti1, V Udaya Kumar1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and research, Hajipur, 844102, India.

Current HIV Research
|December 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Older people living with HIV (PLHIV) in India face significantly higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Age and BMI are key predictors, highlighting the need for tailored CVD risk assessment and management in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • People with HIV (PLHIV) have elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk due to chronic inflammation and immune activation.
  • Aging exacerbates CVD risk, yet data on older PLHIV in India, a nation with 2.14 million PLHIV, remains limited.
  • Higher prevalence of CVD risk factors in PLHIV necessitates focused research, especially among the aging demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess and compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older PLHIV versus younger PLHIV and non-HIV individuals in Bihar, India.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Qrisk3 in determining CVD risk in older PLHIV.
  • To investigate the quality of life (QoL) in older PLHIV and its correlation with CVD risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 73 PLHIV and 30 control participants in Bihar, India.
  • Collection of demographic, social, clinical data, and CVD risk factors, including HbA1c and lipid profiles.
  • Calculation of 10-year CVD risk using Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Qrisk3, and assessment of QoL using WHOQOL-HIV-BREF.

Main Results:

  • Older PLHIV exhibited significantly higher mean FRS and Q-Risk scores compared to younger PLHIV and non-HIV controls.
  • Six older PLHIV participants were classified as high CVD risk by FRS, while no participants in other groups met this threshold.
  • Deterioration in psychological, social relations, and spirituality domains of QoL was noted in older PLHIV.

Conclusions:

  • Older PLHIV in India face a disproportionately higher CVD risk, underscoring the need for targeted risk assessment and management strategies.
  • FRS and Q-Risk scores are effective tools for identifying elevated CVD risk in older PLHIV, with age and BMI as significant predictors.
  • The study highlights moderate QoL deterioration in older PLHIV, particularly in psychological, social, and spiritual aspects, warranting integrated care approaches.
Abstract

Keywords:
AIDSCardiovascular diseaseGeriatricsHIVHuman immunodeficiency virusOld age.

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