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Associations Between Eating, Mobility, and Toileting Functional Dependence and COVID-19 Symptoms
Benjamin E Canter1, Russell Goebel2, Varsha Kulkarni2
1Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University College of Rehabilitation: Sargent College, Boston, MA, USA.
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
|December 23, 2023
Summary
Pre-existing functional dependence in activities of daily living increases vulnerability to COVID-19 symptoms like dehydration and shortness of breath, leading to greater functional decline. Monitoring these symptoms is crucial for at-risk individuals.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Infectious Diseases
- Rehabilitation Medicine
Background:
- Functional dependence in activities of daily living (ADLs) prior to infection can impact disease outcomes.
- Understanding the relationship between pre-illness functional status and COVID-19 symptomology is critical for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine associations between pre-COVID-19 functional dependence levels (mobility, eating, toileting) and the presence of COVID-19 symptoms.
- To investigate the relationship between specific COVID-19 symptoms and the degree of functional decline post-illness.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of 375 residents at a skilled nursing facility.
- Data extracted from Minimum Data Set 3.0 and chart reviews.
- Multiple and ordinal linear regressions used to analyze relationships between functional dependence, ADLs, and COVID-19 symptoms.
Main Results:
- Pre-illness dependence in eating was linked to dehydration during COVID-19.
- Dehydration during COVID-19 correlated with increased decline in functional mobility.
- Shortness of breath was associated with greater declines in both eating and functional mobility.
Conclusions:
- Shortness of breath and dehydration in COVID-19 patients signal potential functional decline.
- Individuals with pre-existing functional limitations are particularly vulnerable to these symptom-associated declines.
- Further research is recommended to elucidate the interplay between functional status and COVID-19 symptom presentation.
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