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Exploring the current landscape of chitosan-based hybrid nanoplatforms as cancer theragnostic
Rahul Nair1, Priti Paul1, Indrani Maji1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
Abstract:
In the last decade, investigators have put significant efforts to develop several diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against cancer. Many novel nanoplatforms, including lipidic, metallic, and inorganic nanocarriers, have shown massive potential at preclinical and clinical stages for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Each of these nano-systems is distinct with its own benefits and limitations. The need to overcome the limitations of single-component nano-systems, improve their morphological and biological features, and achieve multiple functionalities has resulted in the emergence of hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs). These HNPs integrate multicomponent nano-systems with diagnostic and therapeutic functions into a single nano-system serving as promising nanotools for cancer theragnostic applications. Chitosan (CS) being a mucoadhesive, biodegradable, and biocompatible biopolymer, has emerged as an essential element for the development of HNPs offering several advantages over conventional nanoparticles including pH-dependent drug delivery, sustained drug release, and enhanced nanoparticle stability. In addition, the free protonable amino groups in the CS backbone offer flexibility to its structure, making it easy for the modification and functionalization of CS, resulting in better drug targetability and cell uptake. This review discusses in detail the existing different oncology-directed CS-based HNPs including their morphological characteristics, in-vitro/in-vivo outcomes, toxicity concerns, hurdles in clinical translation, and future prospects.
Insights
Hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) offer advanced cancer theranostics by combining multiple functions. Chitosan-based HNPs show promise for improved drug delivery and targeting in cancer treatment.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
- Oncology
Background:
- Significant efforts are underway to develop advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cancer.
- Novel nanoplatforms like lipidic, metallic, and inorganic nanocarriers show potential but have limitations.
- Hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) integrate multiple components to overcome single-system limitations and achieve multifunctional capabilities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the development and application of chitosan-based hybrid nanoparticles (CS-HNPs) for cancer theranostics.
- To discuss the morphological characteristics, performance, and safety of CS-HNPs.
- To identify challenges and future prospects for the clinical translation of CS-HNPs.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of oncology-directed chitosan-based hybrid nanoparticles.
- Analysis of studies focusing on nanoparticle morphology, in vitro and in vivo outcomes.
- Evaluation of toxicity data and clinical translation hurdles.
Main Results:
- Chitosan-based HNPs demonstrate enhanced stability, pH-dependent drug delivery, and sustained release.
- Functionalization of chitosan enables improved drug targetability and cellular uptake.
- Existing research highlights the potential of CS-HNPs in preclinical and clinical cancer theranostic applications.
Conclusions:
- Chitosan-based hybrid nanoparticles are promising nanotools for multimodal cancer theranostics.
- Further research is needed to address toxicity concerns and clinical translation challenges.
- CS-HNPs offer a versatile platform for advancing personalized cancer treatment strategies.
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