Anticancer Property of Digera muricata Leaf Extract: An In Vitro Study

Aim The aim was to evaluate the anticancer potential of Digera muricata ethanolicleaf extract on MG-63 osteosarcoma cell lines. Materials and methods The anti-cancer properties of Digera muricata ethanolic leaf extract were evaluated on osteosarcoma cell lines using 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the morphological changes in MG-63 cells were assessed after 24 hours using microscopic observation. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy was employed to evaluate the apoptotic changes after acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) dual staining. Results The MTT assay revealed a dose-dependent cell death. The cell viability decreased with increase in concentrations of the extract, The cell viability was 89.98 ± 4.89 percentage at 25 μg/ml and 15.64 ± 3.64 percentage at 200 μg/ml concentrations. A concentartion of 116.95 μg/ml showed 50% inhibition (IC₅₀). The morphological and dual staining studies also showed the extract's effectiveness in inducing apoptosis. Conclusion The ethanolic leaf extract of D. muricata could impart good antiproliferative activity in MG-63 cell lines. The extract could also induce apoptosis and hence, it may be considered as a potential anticancer agent for the development of drug formulation for the treatment of osteosarcoma.