Our Experience of Distal and Total Urethrectomies in Post Irradiated Vulvar Malignancies in Low Resource Settings: A
Upasana Baruah1, Apoorva Tak2, Debabrata Barmon3
1Professor, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Dr B Borooah Cancer Institute,Unit of Tata Memorial Hospital (Mumbai), Unit of Department of Atomic Energy(Govt of India), Guwahati, India.
Introduction:
At diagnosis, women with vulvar cancer often present in locally advanced stage especially in developing countries, owing to the associated ignorance and social stigma. Generally tumour is seen involving adjacent organs, like the vagina, anus, and urethra. Damage to the sphincter system leads to urinary incontinence. Available evidence regarding urethral resections, subsequent lower urinary tract dysfunction and neo-meatus reconstruction in radical vulvar surgeries is scarce and conflicting.
Methodology:
Considering, the lack of literature on outcomes of partial and total urethrectomies post chemoradiation in advanced vulvar malignancies from India, in the current study, we analysed our experience of such cases that have been operated post chemoradiation over a span of 2 years (from January 2019 to January 2021).
Results:
DFS ( disease free survival) of more than 6 months was seen in 5 of our patients, however in view of local wound complications after primary closure, we recommend reconstruction with myocutaneous flaps. Also in view of incontinence observed in two of our patients who had undergone more than 1⁄2 of urethral resection, as a result of failed suprapubic catheterisation, further plan of urethral reconstruction should be considered especially in patients who have received prior radiation.
Conclusion:
Our small group of patients represents a unique cohort of patients in whom surgery was attempted after radiation therapy. We have seen that surgery is a feasible option after radiotherapy in patients with advanced disease.
