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Oncoviruses: Induction of cancer development and metastasis by increasing anoikis resistance

Zahra Sobhi Amjad1, Ali Shojaeian2, Javid Sadri Nahand3

  • 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

Heliyon
|December 25, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Certain viruses can prevent cancer cell death (anoikis) to promote metastasis. This review explores how Epstein-Barr virus and other oncogenic viruses inhibit anoikis, aiding cancer treatment development.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Anoikis is a crucial form of programmed cell death preventing anchorage-independent cell survival.
  • Cancer cells often develop resistance to anoikis, a key mechanism enabling metastasis.
  • Viral infections are increasingly recognized as significant factors contributing to anoikis resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of specific carcinogenic viruses in suppressing anoikis.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which viral gene products inhibit anoikis.
  • To highlight the potential for targeting viral-induced anoikis resistance in cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating viral infections and anoikis resistance.
  • Analysis of viral gene products implicated in the modulation of anoikis pathways.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on the link between specific viruses and anoikis inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, human herpes virus 8, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, and hepatitis C virus are implicated in anoikis inhibition.
  • Viral proteins can interfere with cellular signaling pathways that normally trigger anoikis.
  • This viral interference promotes cancer cell survival and metastatic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Carcinogenic viruses play a significant role in overcoming anoikis, facilitating cancer progression.
  • Understanding these viral mechanisms is essential for developing targeted therapies against virus-associated cancers.
  • Targeting viral suppression of anoikis presents a promising therapeutic strategy.
Keywords:
AnoikisCancerCarcinogenic virusesCell death pathwaysMetastasis

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