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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2025

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
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Identifying Patient Characteristics Associated With Opioid Use to Inform Surgical Pain Management.

Anish K Agarwal1,2,3, Ruiying Xiong1,2, Jeffrey Ebert2

  • 1From the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Annals of Surgery Open : Perspectives of Surgical History, Education, and Clinical Approaches
|December 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Younger, opioid-naïve patients with lower pain scores use fewer postoperative opioids. Identifying these patient factors aids in tailoring opioid prescriptions to minimize prolonged use and community waste.

Keywords:
learning health systemsmobile healthopioid prescribingquality improvement

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Balancing effective surgical pain management with responsible opioid stewardship presents a significant clinical challenge.
  • Identifying patient-specific factors linked to minimal or no opioid use is crucial for developing targeted prescribing strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify patient-level variables associated with low or no postoperative opioid use.
  • To inform tailored opioid prescribing practices in surgical patients.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, observational study was conducted at an academic health system.
  • Data were collected from surgical patients via automated text messaging from May 2021 to February 2022.
  • The primary outcome measured was postoperative opioid use.

Main Results:

  • Younger age, being opioid-naïve, and lower discharge pain scores were associated with low or no opioid use.
  • Higher opioid use correlated with more telephone calls and office visits but not ED visits or admissions.
  • Adjusted analysis indicated that younger age and opioid-naïve status predicted low to zero opioid use.

Conclusions:

  • Younger patients, those opioid-naïve, and individuals with lower discharge pain scores are less likely to use postoperative opioids.
  • These findings enable clinicians to personalize opioid prescribing, reducing the risk of extended exposure and unused medications.