Study on potential applications and toxicity analysis of green synthesized nanoparticles

Nanomaterials have garnered the significant interest of scientists owing to their technological as well as medical applications. In particular, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have gained prominence because of their enhanced performance as compared to their bulk counterparts. Metal-supported nanomaterials are anticipated to make major contributions to solving today's most challenging issues, like energy harvesting and environmental remediation. The incorporation of nanoparticles into sensors has significantly enhanced their precision and selectivity. With the advent of green chemistry, green synthetic techniques have been prioritized for the synthesis of single and multicomponent nanomaterials. In the current review, we have addressed the multidimensional applications of nanoparticles in various sectors, including surface coatings, biosensing, environmental remediation, energy devices, construction, and nano probing, etc. This study focuses on the categorization of nanomaterials according to their source, dimensions, and composition, along with the exploration of synthetic modes. The eco-friendly and cost-effective greener route for the synthesis of nanoparticles has been explored in detail. Further, the antibacterial and cytotoxic potential has been addressed, and toxicity analysis has been conducted. The study signifies the augmented potential of green synthesized nanoparticles that can prove as economically viable and eco-friendly alternatives to conventional materials.